Process of manufacturing glassware.



,2 PATENTBD APR. 5, 1904.

' s. o. RICHARDSON, JR.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GLASSWARE.

APPLICATION FILED r313. 1. 1904.

0 MODEL.

rm: Noam PETERS m wovuwmu" AASHINGYONY UN TTED STATES Patented April 5,1904:.

PATENT OFFICE.

SOLON O. RICHARDSON, JR, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE LIBBEY GLASSCOMPANY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GLASSWARE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 756,284, dated April 5,1904.

Application filed February 1, 1904. finial No. 191,592 (No specimens) Toall, whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SOLON O. RICHARDSON, Jr., a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes ofManufacturing Glassware, of which the following is a specification,reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates to an improved process in the manufacture ofglassware; and it consists particularly in shaping the article, as bypressing, together with the design in rough or a partial design appliedto the exterior, then in completing the design in the usual way bygrinding and finishing the interior of the article by immersing ortreating the article in an acid-bath, as more fully hereinafterdescribed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram vertical section showing thepressing of the glass in an ordinary glass-press, which may be of anysuitable and known construction. Fig. 2 represents a vessel with apartial or rough design imparted thereto by the pressing operation. Fig.3 is an elevation of the polishingmachine which may be used in polishingthe interior of the blank, showing in dotted lines the blank appliedthereto. Fig. A is a diagram elevation showing the article applied to acutting-wheel for the purpose of cutting the design to finished form,but unpolished; and Fig. 5 represents a tank, showing the articleimmersed in the acid-bath.

In carrying out my process plastic glass is delivered. to the mold A inany desired manner as is customary in the manufacture of pressed ware.The mold A is provided on its inner surface either with the entiredesign in the rough or with the principal lines of the design which isto be imparted to thefinished article. After the blank is thus made,which is the usual way of making pressed ware, it is annealed in anydesired form of leer and is then ready for further treatment.

In pressing the blank in the mold the interior of the article will havean unfinished surface, because, as is well known, in pressing glasswarea more or less rough or unpolished surface is given to the glassware bywhat is called the mold-marks that is, the grain of the metal imparts aslight roughness to the glass, and the extremely fine polish requiredfor out glassware is not obtained by pressing, but is ordinarilyobtained by blowing the blank into its initial shape and afterwardcutting it. The blank O, having either the entire design in the rough orthe principal lines of the design impressed thereon, is then immersedfor two or three seconds in abath of hydrofluoric acid, as shown in Fig.5. In this case I have shown the acid applied by dipping in a tank F,containing the acid therein. As soon as the article is treated with theacid it is removed from the tank and thoroughly rinsed with water,preferably with rapid-running water, so that all the acid will beremoved and the action of the acid immediately stopped. The object of mytreatment with the acid-bath is to cut the hard surface of the interiorof the article formed by the plunger coming in contact with it and tomore or less remove the mold-marks. After the article is thus treatedwith the acid-bath and rinsed I preferably polish the interior, using anordinary felt wheel for that purpose. I have shown in Fig. 3 a feltwheel G on a vertical shaft H, driven by suitable gearing I from thehorizontal shaft J, driven from any suitable source of power. Theinterior face of the article is held against this felt wheel, which isfrequently wet by the operator with wet polishing-putty, the wheelrevolvingrapidly, and the operator holding the blank-wheel and moving itso that the entire inner surface comes in contact with thepolishing-wheel, and this brings the inner surface up to the same highpolish that it would have if it were ablownblank. The polishingputtyreferred to is an ordinary article of commerce and can be obtained fromany of the usual glass manufacturers and is in use in many glass-housesat the present time. After the interior of the article has thus beenfinished the design may be out upon the outside by the usual cutter D,(shown in Fig. 4,) the cutting being effected on all the shaped facesand the cutting also being done to add any lines dedie.

This process saves a large amount of the cost of the manufacture,particularly in manufacturing blanks which are afterward to be cut,because the pressing is very much cheaper than the blowing operation andalso much more rapid, and when the design is partially pressed into thearticle to start with the amount of labor required to finish the cuttingis greatly reduced.

Instead of using the pure hydrofluoric acid I may use hydrofluoric acidcombined with a a small per cent. of sulfuric acid, and it is possiblethat other acids may be used for the acidbath if they will have theresult of cutting the hard interior surface formed by the press andpartially remove the mold-marks.

As many blanks are made in glass-factories which are sold as articles ofmanufacture to concerns who subsequently do the cutting and as myinvention relates largely to the manufacture of the blanks, it isobvious that the novelty of the invention consists in the manufacture ofthe blank itself rather than in the manufacture of the completedarticle.

What I claim as my invention is 1. The herein-described process ofmaking blanks for cut glassware which consists in first shaping theblank, second in subjecting the blank to an acid-bath, to cut theinterior surface, third in rinsing the blank, and fourth in polishingthe interior of the blank.

2. The herein-described process of manufacturing blanks for cut-glassarticles consisting in shaping the blank and simultaneously producingthe whole or part of a design on the exterior surface in the rough, thenin treating the interior of the blank to an acidbath to cut the roughsurface formed by the plunger then in rinsing the blank to free it fromthe acid, and then in polishing the interior of the blank.

3. The herein-described process for manufacturing blanks for cut-glassarticles, consisting in first pressing the blank to shape andsimultaneously producing a whole or part of the design on the exteriorin the rough, and then in treating the blank to a bath of hydrofluoricacid, then in polishing the interior of the blank.

4:- The herein-described process of manufacturing glassware consistingin shaping the blank with the design in whole or in part applied to theexterior thereof, by pressing the same, next in annealing the blank,next in treating the interior of the blank to a bath of hydrofluoricacid, next in washing the blank to free it from the acid and thenpolishing the interior of the blank, and then completing the article bycutting the finished design on the exterior.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

SOLON O. RICHARDSON, J R.

Witnesses:

JOHN H. WRIGHT, FRED E. WOLF.

